Temporomandibular joint disorders, also known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction in dentistry, refer to a condition affecting the temporomandibular joint, muscles, or adjacent tissues, leading to orofacial (face, head, or neck) pain and discomfort. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders can include pain in the jaw joint and the muscles controlling jaw movement, restricted mouth opening, and pain around the ears.

A person’s temporomandibular joint disorder can be influenced by many factors, making it difficult to determine the exact cause of the discomfort. It can result from a combination of factors such as stress, tooth loss, genetics, joint inflammation, or trauma to the jaw area. People with jaw pain may also have habits such as teeth grinding or clenching, but even though many people grind or clench their teeth, it may not necessarily cause temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders require a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment methods are determined based on the severity of symptoms to restore normal and painless temporomandibular joint functions. Treatment options are divided into non-surgical conservative treatments and surgical treatments. Non-surgical conservative treatments include changing habits, exercises, muscle relaxants and painkillers, Botox, and the use of occlusal splints.